Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Brain Diseases/immunology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Parkinsonian Disorders/immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Seizures/immunology , Tremor/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis , Autoimmunity , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Brain Diseases/complications , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Cross Reactions , Headache/complications , Headache/diagnosis , Headache/immunology , Humans , Pandemics , Parkinsonian Disorders/complications , Parkinsonian Disorders/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2 , Seizures/complications , Seizures/diagnosis , Tremor/complications , Tremor/diagnosisABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infection and threating the human lives in the world. The elevation of cytokines in blood is crucial to induce cytokine storm and immunosuppression in the transition of severity in COVID-19 patients. However, the comprehensive changes of serum proteins in COVID-19 patients throughout the SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. In this work, we developed a high-density antibody microarray and performed an in-depth proteomics analysis of serum samples collected from early COVID-19 (n = 15) and influenza (n = 13) patients. We identified a large set of differentially expressed proteins (n = 132) that participate in a landscape of inflammation and immune signaling related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the significant correlations of neutrophil and lymphocyte with the CCL2 and CXCL10 mediated cytokine signaling pathways was identified. These information are valuable for the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, identification of biomarkers and development of the optimal anti-inflammation therapy.
Subject(s)
Blood Proteins/immunology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Cough/immunology , Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology , Fever/immunology , Headache/immunology , Influenza, Human/immunology , Myalgia/immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Blood Proteins/genetics , COVID-19 , Child , Coronavirus Infections/genetics , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Cough/genetics , Cough/physiopathology , Cough/virology , Cytokine Release Syndrome/genetics , Cytokine Release Syndrome/physiopathology , Cytokine Release Syndrome/virology , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/immunology , Female , Fever/genetics , Fever/physiopathology , Fever/virology , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation , Headache/genetics , Headache/physiopathology , Headache/virology , Humans , Influenza, Human/genetics , Influenza, Human/physiopathology , Influenza, Human/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Myalgia/genetics , Myalgia/physiopathology , Myalgia/virology , Orthomyxoviridae/pathogenicity , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/genetics , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Protein Array Analysis , Proteome/genetics , Proteome/immunology , Receptors, Cytokine/genetics , Receptors, Cytokine/immunology , SARS-CoV-2 , Signal Transduction/immunologyABSTRACT
Over the course of the pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), multiple new clinical manifestations, as the consequence of the tropism of the virus, have been recognized. That includes now the neurological manifestations and conditions, such as headache, encephalitis, as well as olfactory and taste disorders. We present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries.